8.3.3 Works focusing on a specific emaki.8.3.1 Journal articles and conference proceedings.5.2 Historical, cultural and religious reflection.5.1 Depiction of everyday Japanese life.4.2.5 Chinese landscape and Song dynasty wash paintings.4.2.1 Overview of the Heian period yamato-e styles.2.4 Muromachi period: decline and otogi-zōshi.
2.3 Kamakura period: the golden age of emakimono.2.2.2 Fujiwara Era: classical masterpieces.2.2.1 Arts and literature, birth of a national aesthetic.Few of the scrolls have survived intact, and around 20 are protected as National Treasures of Japan. Today, emakimono offer a unique historical glimpse into the life and customs of Japanese people, of all social classes and all ages, during the early part of medieval times. In general, there are thus two main categories of emakimono: those which alternate the calligraphy and the image, each new painting illustrating the preceding text, and those which present continuous paintings, not interrupted by the text, where various technical measures allow the fluid transitions between the scenes. The format of the emakimono, long scrolls of limited height, requires the solving of all kinds of composition problems: it is first necessary to make the transitions between the different scenes that accompany the story, to choose a point of view that reflects the narration, and to create a rhythm that best expresses the feelings and emotions of the moment. From the 14th century, the emakimono genre became more marginal, giving way to new movements born mainly from zen Buddhism.Įmakimono paintings mostly belong to the yamato-e style, characterized by its subjects from Japanese life and landscapes, the staging of the human, and an emphasis on rich colours and a decorative appearance. The patrons who sponsored the creation of these emakimono were above all the aristocrats and the Buddhist temples. During this period, in fact, the techniques of composition were accomplished and the subjects were even more varied than before, dealing with history, religion, romances, tales, etc. However, no emakimono remain from the era and the oldest masterpieces date from their "golden age" in the 12th and 13th centuries. Fully anchored in the yamato-e style, these Japanese works are above all an everyday art, centered on the human being and the sensations conveyed by the artist.Īlthough the first scrolls were from the 8th century and copies of Chinese works, emakimono of Japanese taste appeared from the 10th century in the Heian imperial court, especially among aristocratic ladies with refined and reclusive lives, who devoted themselves to all of the arts, poetry, painting, calligraphy and literature. Emakimono are therefore a narrative genre similar to the book, developing romantic or epic stories, or illustrating religious texts and legends. The reader unwinds each scroll little by little, revealing the story as seen fit. Japanese scrolls, however, stood out distinctly during the Heian and Kamakura periods the term "emakimono" therefore refers only to Japanese painted narrative scrolls.Īs in the Chinese and Korean scrolls, emakimono combine calligraphy and illustrations and are painted, drawn or stamped on long rolls of paper or silk sometimes measuring several metres. Detail of calligraphy of the Genji Monogatari Emaki, on richly decorated paperĮmakimono ( 絵巻物, lit., "picture scroll", also 'emaki-mono') or emaki ( 絵巻) is an illustrated horizontal narration system of painted handscrolls that dates back to the Nara period in 8th century CE Japan, initially copying its much older Chinese counterparts.
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